New Jersey Criminal Lawyer: Your Indisputable Guide to Defense

Facing criminal charges in New Jersey can be one of the most daunting experiences of a lifetime. The labyrinthine nature of the legal system, coupled with the profound implications for your freedom, finances, and future, underscores the absolute necessity of formidable legal representation. As a senior attorney with over two decades of hands-on experience navigating the intricate landscape of New Jersey criminal law, I have witnessed firsthand the profound difference that knowledgeable and strategic defense makes. This comprehensive guide serves not merely as an overview, but as an authoritative asset designed to empower you with the critical insights necessary to understand, confront, and overcome criminal accusations within the Garden State.

Understanding Criminal Charges in New Jersey

In New Jersey, criminal charges are broadly categorized into indictable offenses (felonies) and disorderly persons offenses (misdemeanors), each carrying distinct penalties and procedural pathways, primarily governed by the New Jersey Code of Criminal Justice, Title 2C.

The severity of a criminal charge in New Jersey is determined by the specific statute under which you are accused. Indictable offenses, similar to felonies in other states, are heard in the New Jersey Superior Court and are categorized into four degrees, with first-degree offenses being the most serious. Disorderly persons offenses and petty disorderly persons offenses are less severe, analogous to misdemeanors, and are adjudicated in the Municipal Courts. Understanding these distinctions is paramount, as they dictate not only the potential penalties but also the court where your case will be heard and the procedural rules that apply.

Consequences and Stakes in New Jersey Criminal Cases

The stakes involved in New Jersey criminal cases are profoundly high, impacting every facet of an individual’s life. Beyond the immediate threat of incarceration and substantial fines, a criminal conviction can lead to a permanent criminal record, affecting employment opportunities, housing, professional licenses, educational prospects, and even immigration status. For example, a conviction for an indictable offense under the New Jersey Code of Criminal Justice (Title 2C), such as aggravated assault (N.J.S.A. 2C:12-1b) or drug distribution (N.J.S.A. 2C:35-5), can result in years in state prison, parole supervision, and significant monetary penalties. Even disorderly persons offenses, such as shoplifting (N.J.S.A. 2C:20-11) or simple assault (N.J.S.A. 2C:12-1a), while carrying lighter sentences typically involving county jail time or probation, can still leave a lasting mark on one’s record, hindering future opportunities. The long-term ramifications extend to voting rights, gun ownership, and social stigma. My considerable experience as a New Jersey criminal lawyer has taught me that these consequences are not abstract; they are very real and require a defense strategy crafted with an acute awareness of every potential outcome.

Navigating the New Jersey Criminal Justice System

The New Jersey criminal justice system is a structured process involving multiple stages, from the initial arrest and formal charges to potential plea negotiations, trial, and sentencing, with cases adjudicated in either Municipal or Superior Courts depending on the offense’s severity.

Understanding the flow of a criminal case in New Jersey is vital for anyone facing charges. The journey begins with an alleged offense and subsequent arrest, often followed by an initial appearance where bail conditions are set. The distinction between Municipal Court and Superior Court is crucial: Municipal Courts handle minor offenses like traffic violations, DWI (N.J.S.A. 39:4-50), and disorderly persons offenses, while the Superior Court’s Law Division, Criminal Part, presides over more serious indictable offenses. The roles of the various entities are distinct yet interconnected: local police departments and the New Jersey State Police conduct investigations and arrests; county prosecutor’s offices or the New Jersey Office of the Attorney General prosecute indictable offenses, while municipal prosecutors handle cases in Municipal Court. The Public Defender’s Office provides representation for indigent defendants, and of course, private defense attorneys like Law Offices Of SRIS, P.C., represent clients seeking dedicated advocacy. Each step, from discovery where evidence is exchanged, to potential grand jury indictments, and ultimately to pre-trial conferences or trial, requires careful navigation and seasoned legal counsel.

The Legal Process: A Step-by-Step Overview

The criminal legal process in New Jersey, while varying by specific charge and circumstances, generally follows a predictable path:

1. Investigation and Arrest: This initial phase involves law enforcement gathering evidence, potentially leading to an arrest and formal charging.
2. First Appearance/Bail Hearing: Within 48 hours of arrest, you will appear before a judge (often in the relevant New Jersey Municipal Court or Superior Court) to be informed of your charges and for bail to be set, or for a determination of release under the state’s bail reform act.
3. Arraignment: This is where you officially enter a plea (guilty, not guilty, or no contest). For indictable offenses, this occurs in the Superior Court, Law Division, Criminal Part.
4. Discovery: Both the prosecution (e.g., County Prosecutor’s Office) and the defense exchange evidence pertinent to the case. This crucial phase allows your New Jersey criminal lawyer to examine the state’s case against you.
5. Pre-trial Conferences/Motions: Discussions occur between the defense attorney and the prosecutor to explore plea bargains or other resolutions. Your attorney may also file motions to suppress evidence or dismiss charges.
6. Grand Jury (for Indictable Offenses): If facing an indictable offense, a grand jury (a panel of citizens) determines if there is sufficient probable cause to issue an indictment, formally bringing the case to Superior Court.
7. Trial: If no plea agreement is reached, the case proceeds to trial, either before a judge (bench trial) or a jury, where both sides present their arguments and evidence.
8. Sentencing: If convicted, the court (Municipal or Superior, depending on the charge) will impose a sentence, which could include incarceration, probation, fines, community service, or other penalties as outlined in N.J.S.A. 2C:43 (Sentencing).
9. Appeals: Following a conviction, you may have the right to appeal the decision to a higher court, such as the New Jersey Superior Court, Appellate Division.

Throughout this entire process, the Law Offices Of SRIS, P.C. works diligently, leveraging our two decades of experience to protect your rights and strategically challenge the prosecution’s case. My deep familiarity with the procedural rules of the New Jersey courts, whether the Municipal Court handling a DWI or the Superior Court presiding over a felony drug charge, allows for a robust and informed defense.

The SRIS NJ Criminal Defense Roadmap Tool

Navigating the complexities of a criminal case requires a clear path forward. “The SRIS NJ Criminal Defense Roadmap” is a practical tool designed to demystify the process and provide individuals with a structured understanding of what to expect and how to prepare at each stage. This roadmap is a distillation of my seasoned experience, offering actionable steps to consider from the moment of an accusation through potential resolution.

Your Step-by-Step Guide Through the New Jersey Legal System

1. Immediate Actions Post-Arrest/Accusation:
   • Remain Silent: Invoke your right to remain silent. Do not answer questions without an attorney present.
   • Do Not Resist: Comply with law enforcement commands, but do not volunteer information or consent to searches.
   • Contact a New Jersey Criminal Lawyer: Prioritize contacting Law Offices Of SRIS, P.C. as soon as possible.
   • Note Details: Mentally or physically record everything you remember about the incident, including officers’ names, time, location, and what was said.
2. Initial Consultation and Case Assessment:
   • Gather Documents: Bring any paperwork, police reports, or summonses you received.
   • Be Candid: Provide your attorney with all facts, good or bad, to enable a comprehensive case assessment.
   • Understand Your Rights: Your attorney will explain your constitutional rights and how they apply to your specific situation in New Jersey.
3. Pre-Trial Preparation and Strategy Development:
   • Review Evidence (Discovery): Work with your New Jersey criminal lawyer to meticulously review all evidence provided by the prosecution (e.g., police reports, witness statements, video footage).
   • Identify Strengths and Weaknesses: Your attorney will assess the viability of defenses, identify factual disputes, and evaluate the strength of the state’s case under relevant N.J.S.A. statutes.
   • Explore Options: Discuss potential plea negotiations, diversionary programs (like Pre-Trial Intervention or Conditional Discharge), or the decision to proceed to trial.
   • Witness Interviews: If applicable, assist your attorney in identifying and preparing potential defense witnesses.
4. Court Appearances and Proceedings:
   • Dress Appropriately: Always present yourself respectfully in court.
   • Arrive Early: Be punctual for all court dates in Municipal Court or Superior Court.
   • Follow Attorney’s Lead: Defer to your attorney’s guidance during court proceedings. Avoid speaking directly to judges or prosecutors unless instructed.
5. Resolution and Post-Case Steps:
   • Understand Outcome: Ensure you fully comprehend the terms of any plea agreement, verdict, or sentence.
   • Comply with Conditions: If probation or other conditions are imposed, adhere to them strictly.
   • Expungement Consideration: Discuss with your attorney if your record qualifies for expungement under New Jersey law to potentially clear your criminal record in the future.

This roadmap provides a foundational understanding, but the nuanced application of New Jersey law requires the dedicated attention of an experienced legal professional. Law Offices Of SRIS, P.C. stands ready to guide you through each turn of this journey.

Building Your Defense: Strategies and Approaches

A strong defense in New Jersey criminal cases is meticulously constructed by a seasoned attorney, often involving challenging the prosecution’s evidence, asserting constitutional rights, and strategically presenting factual or legal defenses tailored to the specific charges and circumstances.

The foundation of any successful criminal defense in New Jersey lies in a thorough understanding of the unique facts of your case combined with an in-depth knowledge of legal precedent and statutory law. My approach, honed over twenty years as a New Jersey criminal lawyer, centers on identifying weaknesses in the prosecution’s case and leveraging every available legal tool to protect my clients’ rights. This includes scrutinizing police procedures, challenging the admissibility of evidence, and asserting fundamental constitutional protections.

Key Legal Strategies and Defenses

Several strategies can be employed in New Jersey criminal defense, often in combination:

1. Challenging the Evidence:
   • Suppression of Evidence: Filing motions to exclude evidence obtained in violation of your Fourth Amendment rights (e.g., illegal search and seizure, lack of probable cause for arrest).
   • Credibility of Witnesses: Cross-examining prosecution witnesses to expose inconsistencies, biases, or unreliability.
   • Forensic Challenges: Disputing the validity or chain of custody of forensic evidence (e.g., DNA, fingerprint, ballistics, breathalyzer results in a DWI case).
2. Constitutional Rights Defenses:
   • Miranda Violations: Arguing that statements made by the accused were coerced or obtained before being read their Miranda rights (the right to remain silent and right to an attorney).
   • Right to Counsel: Ensuring that the Sixth Amendment right to a lawyer was not infringed upon.
   • Due Process Violations: Asserting that the government failed to follow proper legal procedures, thereby violating your Fourteenth Amendment due process rights.
3. Factual Defenses:
   • Alibi: Providing evidence that you were somewhere else when the crime occurred.
   • Mistaken Identity: Demonstrating that you were incorrectly identified as the perpetrator.
   • Self-Defense/Defense of Others: Arguing that actions were taken reasonably to protect yourself or another from harm, as codified in N.J.S.A. 2C:3-4.
   • Lack of Intent: For crimes requiring specific intent (mens rea), arguing that the necessary mental state was absent.
4. Affirmative Defenses:
   • Duress: Arguing that you committed the crime under threat of immediate serious harm.
   • Entrapment: Asserting that law enforcement induced you to commit a crime you would not have otherwise committed.
   • Insanity: A defense alleging a mental disease or defect prevented you from knowing the nature of your actions or that they were wrong (N.J.S.A. 2C:4-1).
5. Negotiation and Plea Bargaining:
   • When trial is not the most advantageous path, skilled negotiation with the prosecutor can lead to reduced charges, lesser penalties, or entry into diversionary programs like Pre-Trial Intervention (PTI) or Conditional Discharge, which can result in the charges being dismissed after successful completion.

Each criminal case is unique, and a successful defense strategy must be meticulously tailored to the specific facts, applicable New Jersey statutes, and the nuances of the court where the case is heard. My seasoned approach ensures that every possible angle is explored and every defense avenue is considered to achieve the most favorable outcome for my clients.

Common Mistakes to Avoid in New Jersey Criminal Cases

Navigating criminal accusations in New Jersey is fraught with potential pitfalls. Over two decades, I’ve seen individuals inadvertently compromise their cases by making avoidable errors. Being aware of these common mistakes is as critical as understanding your rights.

1. Talking to Law Enforcement Without Counsel: The single most damaging mistake. Anything you say, even seemingly innocent remarks, can be used against you. Invoke your Fifth Amendment right to remain silent and your Sixth Amendment right to a New Jersey criminal lawyer immediately.
2. Resisting Arrest or Obstructing Justice: While you have rights, actively resisting arrest or physically interfering with officers can lead to additional charges (N.J.S.A. 2C:29-2, N.J.S.A. 2C:29-1), regardless of the validity of the initial arrest.
3. Failing to Understand Charges and Consequences: Many individuals do not grasp the severity of their charges or the long-term impact of a conviction under New Jersey law. This often leads to uninformed decisions about plea bargains or trial strategies.
4. Not Seeking Prompt Legal Representation: Delaying in contacting a seasoned attorney can hinder crucial early investigation, evidence preservation, and strategic decision-making. The sooner a New Jersey criminal lawyer is involved, the better positioned your defense will be.
5. Violating Bail Conditions: Failing to adhere to court-ordered bail conditions (e.g., check-ins, restraining orders, travel restrictions) will lead to bail revocation and additional charges (N.J.S.A. 2C:29-9).
6. Discussing Your Case on Social Media: Any posts, comments, or messages on social media can be discovered by the prosecution and used as evidence against you. Assume everything you post is public.
7. Destroying or Concealing Evidence: Tampering with evidence is a serious offense (N.J.S.A. 2C:28-6) that significantly worsens your legal standing and can lead to severe penalties.
8. Misrepresenting Facts to Your Attorney: Withholding information or providing false details to your defense attorney prevents them from building the strongest possible defense. Confidentiality is paramount; your attorney needs the full truth.
9. Ignoring Court Dates: Missing a court appearance in either Municipal Court or Superior Court can result in a bench warrant for your arrest and additional charges for failure to appear (N.J.S.A. 2C:29-10).
10. Underestimating Disorderly Persons Offenses: While less severe than indictable crimes, disorderly persons offenses still result in a criminal record, which can impact employment and other aspects of life. They are not “minor” matters to be taken lightly.

Avoiding these common mistakes is a critical first step towards a stronger defense. My experience as a New Jersey criminal lawyer emphasizes the importance of informed decision-making and adhering to sound legal advice throughout your case.

Glossary of Key Terms

Indictable Offense

In New Jersey, a serious criminal offense, equivalent to a felony, heard in the Superior Court. Categorized into first, second, third, and fourth degrees.

Disorderly Persons Offense

A less severe criminal offense in New Jersey, similar to a misdemeanor, heard in the Municipal Court. Includes petty disorderly persons offenses.

N.J.S.A. 2C

Refers to Title 2C of the New Jersey Statutes Annotated, commonly known as the New Jersey Code of Criminal Justice, which contains most of the state’s criminal laws.

Discovery

The formal process by which opposing parties in a legal case (prosecution and defense) exchange information and evidence relevant to the case.

Grand Jury

A body of citizens (typically 23 in New Jersey) who hear evidence presented by the prosecutor and decide whether there is sufficient probable cause to issue an indictment for an indictable offense.

Plea Bargain

An agreement between the prosecutor and the defendant, where the defendant pleads guilty to a lesser charge or to some of the charges, in exchange for a more lenient sentence or dismissal of other charges.

Expungement

A legal process in New Jersey that allows individuals to have certain criminal records sealed or removed from public access, making it as if the arrest or conviction never occurred for most purposes.

Common Scenarios & Questions

In my decades of practice as a New Jersey criminal lawyer, I’ve encountered countless scenarios that reflect the varied challenges individuals face. Here are a few common situations and the fundamental questions that arise:

1. Scenario 1: First-Time DWI Arrest in New Jersey.

   Question: “I was pulled over for a traffic stop and subsequently charged with DWI in New Jersey. This is my first offense. What are the immediate steps I should take, and what penalties am I facing?”

   Answer: For a first-offense DWI (N.J.S.A. 39:4-50) in New Jersey, immediate action involves contacting a New Jersey criminal lawyer. Penalties can include significant fines, surcharges, Intoxicated Driver Resource Center (IDRC) attendance, potential installation of an Ignition Interlock Device, and a driver’s license suspension. Your attorney will review the stop, field sobriety tests, and breathalyzer results for any procedural errors or legal challenges.

2. Scenario 2: Accused of Shoplifting from a Retailer.

   Question: “I was accused of shoplifting from a store in New Jersey and received a summons to appear in Municipal Court. I’m worried about having a criminal record. Can this be avoided?”

   Answer: Shoplifting (N.J.S.A. 2C:20-11) in New Jersey is typically a disorderly persons offense for lower value items but can be an indictable offense for higher values. A conviction results in a criminal record. Depending on your history, options like Conditional Dismissal may be available, which can lead to dismissal of charges and eligibility for expungement upon successful completion, avoiding a permanent record. A knowledgeable New Jersey criminal lawyer will assess your eligibility and guide you.

3. Scenario 3: Facing Assault Charges After an Altercation.

   Question: “I was involved in an argument that escalated into a physical altercation, and now I’m charged with simple assault in New Jersey. I believe I was acting in self-defense. What should I do?”

   Answer: Simple assault (N.J.S.A. 2C:12-1a) is a disorderly persons offense in New Jersey, often heard in Municipal Court. If you believe you acted in self-defense, this is a critical affirmative defense under N.J.S.A. 2C:3-4. It is imperative to immediately cease all communication about the incident and contact a New Jersey criminal lawyer. We will investigate the circumstances, gather witness statements, and present a compelling argument for self-defense, aiming to have the charges dismissed or reduced.

4. Scenario 4: Questioned by Police Regarding a Drug Offense.

   Question: “Police came to my home and questioned me about drug possession. I didn’t know what to do and answered some questions. Now I’m scared I might be charged. What are my rights?”

   Answer: If police question you about a drug offense (e.g., N.J.S.A. 2C:35-10 for possession), you have the Fifth Amendment right to remain silent and the Sixth Amendment right to an attorney. Any statements made before you were read your Miranda rights, if you were in custody, may be inadmissible. Immediately contact a New Jersey criminal lawyer. We can assess if your rights were violated and advise on how to proceed, preventing further self-incrimination and building a defense against potential charges, which can range from disorderly persons offenses to serious indictable crimes.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Here are answers to some of the most common questions I encounter as a New Jersey criminal lawyer:

Q1: What is the difference between an “indictable offense” and a “disorderly persons offense” in New Jersey?
A1: An indictable offense is New Jersey’s term for a felony, carrying potential state prison sentences and heard in the Superior Court. A disorderly persons offense is similar to a misdemeanor, carrying potential county jail time and heard in the Municipal Court. The severity of penalties and procedural rules differ significantly.

Q2: Do I need a New Jersey criminal lawyer if my charges are minor (e.g., a traffic ticket or petty disorderly persons offense)?
A2: While seemingly minor, even petty offenses can have lasting consequences, including fines, points on your driver’s license, increased insurance premiums, and a criminal record. A seasoned New Jersey criminal lawyer can often mitigate these outcomes, potentially securing a dismissal, reduction of charges, or entry into a diversionary program that avoids a criminal record. It is always wise to seek a case assessment.

Q3: What does “discovery” mean in a New Jersey criminal case?
A3: Discovery is the legal process where the prosecution is required to provide the defense with all evidence they intend to use against you. This includes police reports, witness statements, video footage, forensic results, and more. It is a critical phase where your New Jersey criminal lawyer analyzes the strength of the state’s case and identifies potential defenses.

Q4: Can my New Jersey criminal record be expunged?
A4: Many criminal records in New Jersey, especially for certain disorderly persons offenses and some indictable crimes, can be expunged after a specific waiting period and under certain conditions. Expungement can effectively clear your record, improving opportunities for employment and housing. Eligibility depends on the type of offense, the number of convictions, and the time elapsed since the conviction or completion of sentence. A qualified New Jersey criminal lawyer can guide you through this complex process.

Q5: What is the significance of the New Jersey Code of Criminal Justice (Title 2C)?
A5: Title 2C is the bedrock of New Jersey’s criminal law. It defines specific crimes, outlines their elements, and prescribes the potential penalties. All criminal charges in New Jersey stem from this statute or related sections. A deep familiarity with Title 2C is essential for any New Jersey criminal lawyer to build a robust defense.

Q6: What happens at a bail hearing in New Jersey?
A6: In New Jersey, due to bail reform, the focus is on a defendant’s risk of flight, risk to the community, and risk of obstructing justice, rather than monetary bail for most charges. A judge in Municipal Court or Superior Court will assess these risks based on a Public Safety Assessment (PSA) score and determine if you should be released on conditions or detained pending trial. Your New Jersey criminal lawyer will advocate for your release with the least restrictive conditions.

Q7: What is Pre-Trial Intervention (PTI) in New Jersey?
A7: PTI is a diversionary program for eligible first-time offenders facing certain indictable offenses in New Jersey Superior Court. If accepted and successfully completed, the charges are dismissed, avoiding a criminal conviction. It is a highly sought-after alternative to traditional prosecution, but eligibility is strict and requires skilled advocacy from a New Jersey criminal lawyer.

Q8: How long does a criminal case typically last in New Jersey?
A8: The duration of a criminal case in New Jersey varies widely. Disorderly persons offenses in Municipal Court might resolve in a few weeks or months. Indictable offenses in Superior Court can take many months, often over a year, especially if they proceed to trial. Factors influencing duration include case complexity, court caseloads, and the willingness of parties to negotiate.

Q9: Can I represent myself in a New Jersey criminal case?
A9: While you have the right to represent yourself, it is strongly discouraged. The New Jersey criminal justice system is incredibly complex, with specific procedural rules, evidentiary standards, and substantive laws that a layperson cannot reasonably navigate effectively. Self-representation dramatically increases the risk of conviction and severe penalties. A seasoned New Jersey criminal lawyer possesses the legal knowledge and court experience to protect your rights.

Q10: What is the role of the County Prosecutor’s Office versus a Municipal Prosecutor in New Jersey?
A10: County Prosecutor’s Offices in New Jersey handle all indictable offenses (felonies) in the Superior Court, as well as appeals from Municipal Court. Municipal Prosecutors handle disorderly persons offenses, petty disorderly persons offenses, and traffic violations in their respective Municipal Courts. Your New Jersey criminal lawyer will interact with the appropriate prosecutor based on the nature and jurisdiction of your charges.

Q11: What if I believe the police violated my rights during an arrest in New Jersey?
A11: If you believe your rights were violated (e.g., an illegal search, lack of probable cause, or failure to read Miranda rights), your New Jersey criminal lawyer can file motions to suppress evidence or dismiss charges. These constitutional challenges are a critical component of many defense strategies and can significantly impact the outcome of your case.

Q12: What is the difference between probation and parole in New Jersey?
A12: Probation is a sentence alternative to incarceration, where a person remains in the community under supervision by a probation officer and must adhere to specific conditions. Parole, on the other hand, is the supervised release from prison before the full sentence has been served. Both involve strict conditions, and violations can lead to further legal consequences.

Q13: What are diversionary programs in New Jersey criminal law?
A13: New Jersey offers several diversionary programs, such as Pre-Trial Intervention (PTI) for indictable offenses and Conditional Dismissal for disorderly persons offenses. These programs allow eligible individuals to avoid a conviction and a criminal record if they successfully complete program requirements. Eligibility is strict and determined on a case-by-case basis. Your New Jersey criminal lawyer can help determine if you qualify.

Q14: How does a conviction impact my professional license in New Jersey?
A14: A criminal conviction in New Jersey can have severe implications for professional licenses (e.g., nursing, teaching, law, real estate). Many licensing boards have strict rules regarding criminal history, and a conviction can lead to suspension, revocation, or denial of a license. The specific impact depends on the nature of the crime and the regulations of the licensing board. This is a critical consideration a seasoned New Jersey criminal lawyer will address.

Q15: What should I do if I am contacted by law enforcement for questioning in New Jersey?
A15: If contacted by law enforcement for questioning regarding a potential criminal matter in New Jersey, respectfully but firmly state that you wish to speak with an attorney before answering any questions. Do not make statements, sign documents, or consent to searches. Immediately contact a knowledgeable New Jersey criminal lawyer. This single action is the most important step to protect your rights.

Protect Your Future: Contact Law Offices Of SRIS, P.C. Today

The path through the New Jersey criminal justice system is complex and fraught with peril. Your freedom, reputation, and future are too important to leave to chance. With over 20 years of dedicated experience as a New Jersey criminal lawyer, I, along with the Law Offices Of SRIS, P.C., am prepared to offer the tenacious, knowledgeable, and strategic defense you deserve. We will meticulously analyze your case, tirelessly advocate on your behalf, and tirelessly pursue the best possible outcome. Do not face these challenges alone. Take control of your situation. Call Law Offices Of SRIS, P.C. now at 888-437-7747 for a confidential case review. Your defense starts here.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this article is for general informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. No attorney-client relationship is formed by reading or acting upon this content. You should consult with a qualified attorney for advice regarding your specific situation. Prior results do not guarantee a similar outcome. This content is not a substitute for legal advice from a licensed attorney in New Jersey.